Early versions of the Raspberry Pi computers had less computing and graphics power, so it was possible to run them with limited thermal management. The tasks assigned to them were also relatively easy to perform so processors were not running at their maximum capacity, nor were they overclocked.
Today’s Raspberry Pi 4 models can get very hot if not cooled properly. Heat sinks are metal fins that help naturally dissipate heat. Sometimes a fan is added to increase the cooling efficiency. However, most Raspberry Pi fans and cooling assemblies, while adequate, have limitations.
For example, the standard small cooling fan that comes with the CanoKit packages will be a bit noisy even when running at the slower speed. The logo design eteched into the top cover doubles as an air intake or exhaust (depending on what direction you install the fan), but it is obstructed and too small to permit optimal airflow.
The best cooling solution for a Raspberry Pi is to use a USB-powered quiet 9-inch fan that blows over the top of the open case to completely move the warm air away from the device, and allow cooler air to replace the warm air. [View on Amazon]